Traditional VS Self-Publishing 2019 Everything to Know Before Deciding

Conventional VS Self-Publishing 2019 Everything to Know Before Deciding Conventional VS Self-Publishing 2019: Everything to Consider Before Deciding You may be going to make an inappropriate decision.Its alarming. You need to or have just composed a book and now its chance to settle on conventional versus self-publishing.Which can enable your book to see the light of day?Traditional Versus Self-PublishingYouve at long last settled on the choice. Following quite a while of saying I should, youve settled on the strong choice to at last plunk down and compose your book. Its an intense, yet valiant choice. Plunking down to get your message out on the planet will be one of the most testing yet compensating things you do. Be that as it may, presently that youve settled on this choice, you might be wondering:Should I approach a distributer and go down the customary course? Or then again would it be a good idea for me to independently publish and turn into an outside the box creator? Which is better, customary distributing versus self-publishing?Before the age of the web, the main way an essayist could get their book before millions was to send a book proposition and a question letter to a conventional distributer or specialist. The essayist trusted that day’s guardian had dranktheir morning espresso, woken up on the correct side of the bed and really given your letter and proposition in excess of a 10-second glance.Unfortunately, the probability of that occurrence was thin to none.This brought about splendid individuals such as yourself being denied the chance to share their encounters, stories, and information with the world. The Publishing Industry Is ShiftingThankfully, this industry is improving at any rate for those of us who are keen in self-publishing.With the advancement of online commercial centers like Amazon, the distributing procedure has changed. You can disseminate your book to everybody, paying little mind to what some traditionalpublishing house thinks about your idea.You have a book within you and the world needs to peruse it!NOTE: We spread everything in this blog entry and substantially m ore about the composition, advertising, and distributing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Get familiar with it hereWhy Self-Publishing?The distributing world has changed, and its time for you to receive the rewards. Here are seven reasons whyself-distributing is the best course to take-and why you’ll reconsider before managing a distributing organization once more. #1 You Don’t Have to Wait for PermissionWith independently published books, you don't need to trust that anybody will give you the green light.Youdecide when and how to distribute a book.Youdecide whose hands your book gets into.Youdecide how effective you are.In different words, you don’t need to persuade any guards to permit your book to come to the worldwide market.â€Å"But, don’t conventional distributers have a smart thought for what will sell or not? That is to say, on the off chance that they dismiss my book, they’re likely right that nobody would need to purchase it. †Wrong.Have you at any point knew about Tim Ferriss’s bookâ€Å"The 4-Hour Workweek†? It has been aNew York TimesandWall Street Journalbestseller for more than four years. It sold almost 1.5 million duplicates and has been converted into 35 distinctive languages.Oh, and get this: It was dismissed by the initial 26 distributers it was introduced to.Maybe youve additionally knew about a certain childrens book, the one about a little youngster with a lightning jolt scar on his temple who finds he is a wizard. The†Harry Potter†franchise is a patent success, with the last four books in the arrangement being the quickest selling books in history.Yet it was dismissed by 12 distributers in succession, and was just gotten on the grounds that the eight-year-old girl of a supervisor requested to peruse the remainder of the book. And still, at the end of the day, after the editorial manager consented to distribute, they exhorted J.K. Rowling to find a day line of work as she had minimal possibility of bringing in cash in childrens books. Little did they understand the distributing achievement they had staggered onto.Now, simply envision the various creators out there who halted after the initial 10 or 20 entryways closed forcefully, accepting the untruth that they didn’t have a productive idea.You can't permit others to decide your success.Self-distributing gives you the road to do that. You and your perusers choose the value of your words, as opposed to one individual at a distributing firm who may not understand the potential distributing achievement in their hands.#2 You Can Publish Your Work QuicklyIf you were to take your book to a customary distributer, it would take a very long time to publish.For model, it might take as long as a half year for you to try and hear back about the book proposition. What's more, expecting they acknowledge your proposition, it will take in any event one more year before the book is really publishe d.With independently publishing, you can create your substance as fast as you need. Also, in the Amazon Kindle store, you can distribute another book at whatever point you need. That way, you can share your work as fast as you make it!#3 Bring Home the (aloof) BaconTraditionally-distributed creators are commonly paid a measure of cash in advance. In any case, when the business come coming in, they just get a little cut of the earnings.Why? Since they need to pay the distributing house, the editorial manager, the advertisers, the fashioners, etc.But when you independently publish, you take in the greater part of the profit (put something aside for the cash you actuallychooseto spend on showcasing, book creation and distributing). On Amazon, for instance, independently published writers get 70% of the sovereignties for an eBook evaluated somewhere in the range of $2.99 and $9.99. Presently that isn’t bad!#4 You Form Invaluable ConnectionsSelf-distributers around the globe have assembled on the web and face to face to give a network that underpins each other in distributing their work.These associations become inestimable as you get other together and-coming influencers like yourself.â€Å"Wait-so where might I meet these people?†Because independently publishing necessitates that you locate your own manager, spread designer,formatter and dispatch colleagues, you wind up interfacing with individuals all through your entire keeping in touch with experience.Self-distributed writers likewise accumulate via web-based networking media stages, for example, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Reddit.The brotherhood permits individuals to grow a long ways past what they could have done all alone, or what they would have been restricted to with a customary publisher.#5 You Control Your ObjectiveSo a very remarkable book is affected by the intention that energizes it.Is your thought process to make money?It isto dispatch another career?Is it to share your story?I s it to turn into an open speaker?Or, is it essentially something to check off your container list?Remember, composing a book ishard work. What's more, nothing is more regrettable than seeing your difficult work be changed into something you didn’t need. At the point when you independently publish, you can protect the poise and virtuoso of your target. Nobody is constraining you to sell more books, or to corrupt your message so it will arrive at more extensive audiences.You are notpigeonholed or made to become somebody you’re not happy with.You writeasyou, andforyou. Also, that is freeing. That is independently publishing freedom!#6 You Control Your Creative ConceptThere are repulsiveness tales about writers whose thoughts and voice got unrecognizable after they went down the customary route.When you work with a conventional distributer, you don’t simply sell them your composition, you sell them your idea.Your book may become something you are not happy with. Or then again, your fantasies for a continuation or an update might be totally wasted on the off chance that it doesn't agree to the thought processes of the customary publisher.But as an autonomous creator, you hold complete imaginative control.You are liberated to be expressive with your work. You are liberated to be powerless and disputable. You are allowed to beyou.When you independently publish, you likewise controlwhoyou compose for. In the event that you sell by means of the Amazon Kindle store, you can pick, and afterward change, your classifications and catchphrases. You decide your advertising endeavors. With 45 percent of digital book deals going to non mainstream writers, crowds are indicating that they regard and need to buy the thoughts of everybody not simply those supported by customary publishers.#7 You Control Your FutureMost individuals hoping to compose a book need to win more cash, acquire opportunity or have a stage to share their ideas.When you independently pub lish and have total responsibility for thoughts, you likewise have total responsibility for future.There is no conventional distributing firm to prevent you from selling an advantageous online course that incorporates material from your book, beginning a talking profession, re-discharging your book with a hardcover or book recording, or in any event, discharging a refreshed adaptation of your book.You decide the direction of your book, your thoughts, and your distributing vocation when you self-publish.Even Big NamesChoose Between Traditional Publishing VS Self-PublishingThough there are a few advantages to conventional distributing, even some settled and successfulâ authors concede that the delights of being a non mainstream writer exceed a customary distributing deal.Via SelfPublishing.comSo much, truth be told, that huge name business people who have enormous followings and couldeasilyget a customary distributing bargain are selecting to go the independently publishing route.The se individuals includePat Flynn, Jeff Goins, JoshuaFields Millburn Ryan Nicodemus, Johnny B. Truant andJames Altucher.What You GetSelf-PublishingTraditional PublishingSole control of your book's outcomeâÅ"XSole control of your book's rightsâÅ"XControl over the storyâÅ"XControl over the coverâÅ"X100% of royaltiesâÅ"XEditing includedXâÅ"Cover designXâÅ"MarketingXXDeadlinesXâÅ"Why Go With Traditional Publishing?As you can most likely tell, we here at Self-Publishing School are immense promoters of being in charge and guaranteeing you get all the cash you merit for the work youve put in.That being stated, some of the time customary distributing will be the best choice to accommodate your needs.Here is the reason a few people may pick to go with conventional distributing as opposed to receiving the benefits of se

Automotive Essay Example For Students

Car Essay Youre on your approach to persuading your group from a gathering point of view, however youre as yet experiencing difficulty interfacing with your group as people. Your guide helps you to remember the idea of passionate insight and how it can upgrade your authority abilities. In this way, as an initial step, utilize the AIU Cybrary to inquire about enthusiastic knowledge. To recap, the five segments of enthusiastic insight, as depicted by Daniel Goleman are clarified in the accompanying: * Self-Awareness: The capacity to perceive and comprehend individual mind-sets and feelings. It incorporates self-assurance, practical self-evaluation, and a self-belittling comical inclination. * Self-Regulation: The capacity to control or divert troublesome driving forces and states of mind and the penchant to suspend judgment and to think before acting. It incorporates reliability and honesty, comfort with uncertainty, restraint, and receptiveness to change. * Motivation: An energy to work for reasons that go past cash and status. An inclination to seek after objectives with vitality and steadiness. It incorporates a solid drive to accomplish, good faith even notwithstanding disappointment, and hierarchical duty. * Empathy: The capacity to comprehend the EMOTIONAL cosmetics of others. It remembers mastery for building and holding ability, culturally diverse affectability, and administration to customers and clients. * Social Skills: Proficiency in overseeing connections and building systems and a capacity to discover shared opinion and assemble affinity. It remembers viability for driving change, influence, and skill in building and driving groups. (Harvard Business Review. (November/December, 1998)). Compose an email to your coach covering the accompanying: 1. Assess your present or previous supervisor on every one of the five parts of passionate insight. 2. How might you apply the standards of enthusiastic insight to your present circumstance? 3. What would organizations be able to do to help build up the passionate knowledge of their administrators just as different representatives? .

The Mistake of Using Job Descriptions to Write Your Resume

The Mistake of Using Job Descriptions to Write Your Resume I have received many inquiries from clients who think it’s a good idea to copy their current job description into their resumes, and/or copy the job description of the position they’re applying for into their resumes. I STRONGLY recommend against using job descriptions to write your resume. Heres why neither of these tactics is effective: 1. Copying Current Job Descriptions Your current job description is just a list of job duties. The cardinal rule for resumes in today’s job market is to write your resume as a list of achievements and accomplishments, NOT as a list of job duties! I would go so far as to say that your job description has very little to do with what you actually do and accomplish in your position. I’ll take myself as an example. The job description for my position at the University of Wisconsin Law School said that I counseled students on their legal career search. It didn’t say what my success rate was, or how creatively I worked with students’ cover letters and resumes, or that I created a PowerPoint presentation on Resumes for Law Students. It did not mention the 5 job search resource manuals I created for various big cities across the United States, or the positive feedback I got from the students I worked with. It was my job to put these successes, which were nowhere to be found in my job description, into my resume. They spoke much more to what I can accomplish in any similar position than a statement that I “assisted students with resumes and cover letters.” You don’t need to emphasize the job duties in your job descriptions to write your resume. Instead, focus on the things you’ve done that will be relevant and impressive to the reader. 2. Copying Future Job Descriptions A lot of people make the mistake of copying the job description of a job they want into their resume, thinking they will score high with Applicant Tracking Software (ATS) systems. While you might get past the ATS with a resume like that, once a human lays eyes on your resume, you’ll land in the “no” pile. Copying and pasting requires no creativity and, ironically, makes it appear that you did NOT do the things you claim you did. Using job descriptions to write your resume just shows a hiring manager or HR person that you can cut and paste. Some people have copied and pasted the job description of their targeted position using white “invisible” text. Warning: Once a resume goes through an ATS system, that text will no longer be invisible! So you take a risk, once a human is looking at your resume, of being seen as trying to play the system. Not good. 3. The Right Way to Write Your Resume Instead of copying and pasting job descriptions in order to capture keywords, FIRST write your resume to highlight your accomplishments. Create the best document you can create. AFTER you have put together a great resume, THEN see what tweaks you can make to include some of the keywords from the future job description. For instance, I worked with a client applying for a Senior IT Director position. The position description listed “Develop and approve exceptions to policy…” His finished resume did not have the phrase “exceptions to policy” in it, but in reality, he worked with exceptions to policy regularly. He was able to add this phrase into an already existing bullet regarding his program management accomplishments. For more on how to use keywords in your resume, see my article,  Top 20 Tips on Writing ATS-Compatible Resumes for ATS Systems. In general, when crafting a winning resume, truth and honesty are the best policy. Don’t get lazy or think you’re “working the system” by using the cut and paste functions on your keyboard. What will get you an interview is your unique accomplishments. And another important thing that will get you a job is your integrity. Focus on those and you will see success in your job search. Still need some help to make your resume great? Contact The Essay Expert about our Resume and Cover Letter Services.

Influences of Society Essay - 645 Words

What Influences Society? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Society seems to influence all ages by poisoning our minds with lies and aggression. People all over try to act like different souls because of what we see on television, hear on the radio, and view in the movie theaters. Everyone try’s to dress different, act different, and change their whole life style just to be known like a certain movie star, or singer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In our society today, it is extremely important to pay attention to what influences children. One of the biggest influences America’s youth may have is the television. It is possible for children to be pulled into the television’s realistic world of violence with sometimes devastating results. The†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When kids hear a certain music group or a performer like Eminem and Britney Spears, they get visions in their heads that they can be them. Britney spears dresses like a slut, acts like a slut, and then gets mad when people call her a slut. Girls growing up see that and try to be that, in which they get raped or assaulted by the way they dress. Eminem raps about drugs, beating women, and other explicit content. In their eyes it’s just music, but in societys eyes, it’s a matter of life or death. If we could abolish these in society, we wouldn’t have kids being murdered, or kids c ommitting suicidal acts because of what they hear. Im not trying to bring anyone down for what they believe in, but that is the way it’s got to be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hollywood in today’s life evolves around lies, sex, and death. When the movie Natural Born Killers was released, kids were going around killing others just because of what they saw in the movie. Genocidal acts were being committed, meaning certain races were being killed for a certain persons ism, or belief. Movies influence all the bad things that can and will eventually happen. Superman made kids put on capes and jump out of windows, just because they thought they could fly. Were not helping society in any way by creating such movies as the ones I mentioned. All we are doing is agging it on for things like that to happen. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the end, our husbands, wives,Show MoreRelatedInfluence Of Influence On Society970 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol of their lives. While this is true there are many factors that influence that control and sometimes that influence is so strong that it overcomes a person’s intentions. Society influences and effect people every day and comes in many different ways. From the constant peer pressure that teens face to how much someone’s potential income is, it is often times affected by society. In order to fix the negative effects of society, we must first understand what causes them. One important aspect ofRead MoreInfluence Of Social Influence On Society1461 Words   |  6 PagesEverywhere you go there is someone or something that is trying to influence you. Some way or another we have influenced somebody of our words and behavior. In society, it is very hard to escape the power of influence because it doesn t take much to become engaged in what someone is trying to portray. Social influence is the action, reactions and thoughts by other people or groups in which causes you to change your behavior (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). This can be caused by peer pressure, theRead MoreSociety s Influence On Society1999 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluence in the society. 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Advertisements lures society into buy their products. The basic role of advertisements is to provide people with basic information about a product. Companies hire celebrities to be in the advertisement in order to get more consumers to appeal to the advertisementRead MorePolice Influence on Society744 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great BritainRead MoreMedia And The Influence On Society958 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Influence it has on Society Media plays a significant role in the way it can influence our culture. The media can produce positive and negative impacts on our society. It has the power to produce messages that can manipulate the way people think as well as influencing attitudes and actions taken towards the opposite sex. In the video Tough Guise: Violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity Jackson Katz discusses that the rampant of male violence that affects American society needs toRead MoreThe Classrooms Influence On Society1222 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ The classrooms influence on society Society is constantly changing. There is always something more hip and in the now from new styles of hair, to fashion trends, to popular music, and the like, society is always moving forward. The same goes for education. In George Counts’ Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, Counts explains how and why education can change society. George Counts believed that a new social order was possible through education. Many like Counts, have pushed for educationRead MoreThe Influence Of The Internet On Society901 Words   |  4 PagesFor thousands of years, human society has benefited from the advancement in technology. For example the wheel made it easier to travel long distances with heavy items and the invention of antibiotics saved millions of lives from infections. Today, technology is used on a regular basis, from the cars that we use to drive to work, to the electricity that powers our tv, radio, and lights. By looking at what we have accomplished, technology has greatly influenced society. If you were to ask me what piece

Cross-Culture Issues in Business Communication - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1921 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Cross-culture Issues in Business Communication Introduction When travelling in other countries, we often perceive differences in the way people live and work. In the United States dinner is commonly eaten around 6. 00pm; in Spain, it’s not served until 8. 00 or 9. 00pm. In the United States most people shop in large supermarket once or twice a week; Italians tend to shop in smaller grocery stores nearly every day. Everybody has their own culture so businesspeople must keep in mind of their client’s culture. This paper exploring the aesthetics, values and attitudes, manners and customs and language of cultural will affect business practices and national competitiveness. Background Cultural can be grouped into two kinds, such as nation-culture and subcultures. Nation-states support the concept of a national culture by building museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people. Nation-state also intervenes in business to help preserve their nation cultures. Most nations, for example, regulate culturally sensitive sectors of the economy, such as filmmaking and broadcasting. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cross-Culture Issues in Business Communication" essay for you Create order France continues to voice fears that its language is being tainted with English and its media with U. S. programming. To stem the English invasion, French laws limit the use of English in product packaging and storefront signs. At peak listening times, at least 40 percent of all radio station programming must be reserved for French artists. Similar laws apply to television broadcasting. The French government even fined the local branch of a U. S. university for failing to provide French translation in its English-language site on the World Wide Web. A group of people who share a unique way of life within a larger, dominant culture is called a subculture. Companies must be mindful of subcultures when formulating business strategies. For instance, the customary portrait of Chinese culture often ignores the fact that the total population of China is comprised of more than 50 distinct ethnic groups. Decisions regarding product design, packaging and advertising must consider each group’s distinct culture. Aesthetics Issues Aesthetics is what a culture considers to be in â€Å"good taste† in the arts, the imagery evoked by certain expressions, and the symbolism of certain colours. Aesthetics played an important role in business communication when a firm considers doing business in another culture. Firms must control on selection of appropriate colours for product packaging, advertisement, workers uniform and even the website design to make way of success in their business. For example, red is the favorite colour for Chinese. They believe that red will bring luck to them while for Malays, they love green. Across much of Asia, on the other hand, green associated with sickness. Most of the countries taking black colour as the colour of death and mourning while Japan and most of Asia, it is white. Shoe manufacturer Nike experienced firsthand the importance of imagery and symbolism in international marketing. The company emblazoned a new line of shoes with the word â€Å"Air† written to resemble flames or heat rising off blacktop. There were other names given to the shoes such as Air Bakin’, Air Melt, Air Grill and Air B-Que. But what Nike did not realize that the squiggly lines of the â€Å"Air† logo resembled Arabic script for â€Å"Allah†, the Arabic name for God. Under threat of worldwide boycott by Muslims, who considered it a sacrilege, Nike recalled the shoes and agreed to build several playgrounds in Muslim communities as part of its apology. The importance of aesthetics is just a great when going international using the Internet. When going global an internet presence, the more a company localizes the better. For example, a black-and-white Web site is fine for many countries, but in Asia visitors may think you are inviting them to a funeral. So, the web designer must beware and take concern on choosing colour scheme. Finally, music is also deeply embedded in culture and should be considered when developing promotions. When used correctly, music can be clever and creative addition to a promotion; if used incorrectly, it can be offensive to the local population. The architecture of buildings and other structures should also be researched to avoid making cultural blunders attributable to the symbolism of certain shapes and forms. Values and attitudes Issues Values are important to both individuals and groups. Values are ideas, beliefs and customs to which people are emotionally attached. Values include things like honesty, marital faithfulness, freedom and responsibility. While, attitudes mean to positive or negative evaluations, feelings and tendencies that individuals harbor toward objects or concepts. Attitudes reflect underlying values. Cultural knowledge can help managers decide whether promotions must be adapted to local attitudes in order to maximize the effectiveness of promotional efforts. For instance, it is often believed that people around the world respond similarly toward technological products, so advertising agency Euro RSGG Worldwide surveyed consumers about their attitudes toward technology and their use of technological products in purchasing situations. Among other things, the survey revealed that consumers in the United Kingdom were far more likely to purchase online than Italian and German consumers. It also found that Web sites were useful in Finland as a source of information on technological products but were considered not at all useful by Italians. There are three important aspects of life that directly affect business activities which is attitudes toward time, work and achievement, and cultural change. Examples for attitudes toward time, people in Latin American and Mediterranean cultures are casual about their use of time if compare to the people in Japan and the United States. The Latin, they maintain flexible schedules and would rather enjoy their time than sacrifice it to unbending efficiency. In contrast, people in Japan and the United States typically arrive promptly for meetings, keep tight schedules, and work long hours. An American who has worked in the Middle East for 20 years explains the Middle Eastern concept of the time this way:†A lot of the misunderstandings between Middle Easterners and the foreigners are due to their different concepts of time and space. At worst, there is no concept at all of time in the Middle East. At best, there is a sort of open-ended concept. † (Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999, p. 263). For attitudes toward work, people in southern France like to say, â€Å"We work to live, while people in the United States live to work. † Work, they say, is for them a means to an end. In the United States, they change; it is an end in itself. Not surprising, the lifestyle in southern France is slower-paced. People tend to concentrate on earning enough money to enjoy a relaxed, quality lifestyle. Businesses practically close down during August, when many workers take month-long paid holidays, usually outside the country. In contrast, this attitude is unheard of in many Asian countries, including Japan. Manners and Customs Issues Understanding others manners and customs helps managers to avoid embracing mistakes and improve the ability to negotiate in other cultures, market products effectively and manage international operations. Appropriate ways of behaving, speaking, and dressing in a culture are called manners. In Arab cultures from the Middle East to northwest Africa, one does not extend a hand to greet an older person unless the elder first offers the greeting. In going first, a younger person would be displaying bad manners. Moreover, because Arab culture considers the left hand the one used for personal hygiene, using it to pour tea or serve a meal is considered very bad manners. Good manners are just as important internationally as when doing business in the home market. Conducting business during meals is common practice in the United States. In Mexico, however, it is poor manners to bring up business discussions in Mexico typically begin when coffee and brandy arrive. Likewise, toasts in the United States tend to be casual and sprinkled with lighthearted humor. In Mexico, where a toast should be philosophical and full of passion, a lighthearted toast would be offensive. When habits or ways behaving in specific circumstances are passed down through generations, they become customs. Customs differ from manners in that they define appropriate habits or behaviors in specific situations. Sharing food gifts during Islamic holy month of Ramadan is a custom. Although giving token gifts to business and government associates is customary in many countries, the proper type of gift varies. A knife, for example, should not be offered to associates in Russia, France, or Germany, where it signals the severing of a relationship. In Japan, gift must be wrapped in such a delicate way it is wise to ask someone trained in the practice to do the honors. It is also Japanese custom not to open a gift in front of the gift giver. So, businesspeople must always keep in mind to their clients’ customs to avoid making embarrassing mistakes or offending people. Personal Communication and Body Language Issues People in every culture have a communication system or a body language to convey thoughts, feeling, and information. Understanding a culture’s spoken language gives us great insight into why people think and act the way that they do. Understanding a culture’s body language helps us avoid sending unintended or embarrassing messages. A lingua franca is a third or â€Å"link† language that is understood by two parties who speak different native languages. The importance of understanding the local language in business is becoming increasingly apparent on the internet. English is the language of roughly two-thirds of all Web pages on the Internet. That is why software solutions providers are assisting companies from English-speaking countries in adapting their Web sites for global e-business. Advertising slogans and company documents must be translated carefully so that messages are received precisely as intended. There are many stories of companies making terrible language blunders in their international business dealings. General Motors’ Chevrolet division made perhaps the most well-known blunder when it first launched its Chevrolet Nova in Spanish-speaking markets. The company failed to notice beforehand that â€Å"No va† means â€Å"No go† in Spanish. Body language communicates through unspoken cues, including hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, physical greetings and the manipulation of personal space. For example, navigating all-important handshake in international business can be tricky. In the United States it is a firm grip and can include several pumps of the arm. But in the Middle East and Latin America a softer clasp of the hand with little or no arm pump is the custom and some country, like Japan, people do not shake hands at all, but bow to each other. Bows of respect carry different meanings, usually depending on the recipient. Associates of equal standing bow about 15 degrees toward one another. But proper respect for an elder requires a bow of about 30 degrees. Lastly, bow for apology is about 45 degrees. Conclusion Essentially, we are experiencing differences in culture which the set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people. Culture is a highly complex portrait of a people. It includes everything from high-tea in England, to the tropical climate of Barbados, to Mardi Gras in Brazil, to segregation of the sexes in Saudi Arabian schools. Every country got theirs aesthetics, values and attitudes, manners and customs and personal communication and body language. Businesspeople must be always sensitive to the local culture, so that, they will be success in their business in international. References Ball, D. McCulloch, W. (1999). International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition 7th edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Griffin, R. Pustay, M. (1996). International Business: A managerial Perspective. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Phatak, A. (1997). International Management: Concepts and Cases. South-Western College Publishing.

Sexual Harassment Case Study Free Essays

Individual Case Study #1 1. Is there a case of sexual harassment in this situation or is it only fun? This is a case of sexual harassment because; the words and actions of fellow employees ultimately made Rosetta quit her job. The technical definition of harassment is when members of an organization treat an employee in a different manner due to that person’s sex, race, religion, age, and etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harassment also includes unwelcomed remarks or jokes which make the employee feel uncomfortable. These guys that Rosetta had been working with, as she mentioned were making remarks and asking uncomfortable questions regarding her personal relationships (asking about her boyfriend, asking intimate details and asking if she prefers Canadian men over Italian men), the guys made dirty jokes and purposely made sure that Rosetta heard them, which is another sign of harassment – its causes Rosetta to feel awkward and embarrassed at her workplace (somewhere where she should feel comfortable and safe). Not only, do these guys make dirty jokes, but the manager, Al also contributes and encourages these guys regardless if it’s making another employee uncomfortable. These guys make fun of Rosetta when she comes into work, with remarks like calling her â€Å"Risotto† which in Italian means rice with gravy, not only is this an unwelcomed remark, its taunting her and insulting towards her Italian culture. Another form is harassment is displaying is offensive or pornographic items in a workplace environment. According to Rosetta, these guys post centrefolds pinned on their machines, which are pictures of nude or almost nude women. This is highly inappropriate for the work environment and makes Rosetta uncomfortable. When Rosetta asked these men from refraining to asking awkward and inappropriate questions and to leave her alone, they said that â€Å"Italians are just braggarts† which is derogatory and condescending term against her race. Sexual harassment; a form of harassment, was also present in this situation. Sexual harassment has three different characteristics; the first one being that the encounters must be unwelcomed to the complainant, expressly or implicitly known by the responder to be unwelcomed. This applies to this situation because Rosetta let the guys knows that she did not like the remarks by sayings â€Å"leave me alone† and â€Å"mind your own business† and they still continue to make remarks which leads to the second characteristic; conduct must continue despite the complainant protests, finally the third characteristic is complainants cooperation must be due to employment related threats. Rosetta suffered and took the harassment for so long from the fear of the manager, and being fired from her job. 2. If you were Eva, what would-and could-you do? What are the options? What is the probability of success of each option? Rosetta faced indirect systematic discrimination, which indicates that there is no intention to discriminate, but the system, arrangements, or policies allow it to happen. To begin with, Eva could have talked to the Manager, which she had and it didn’t lead her to positive results. So, she could either go above the manager or go directly to the Human Resource department of that company. This is a long process, which has many steps so Eva could choose to go to the Canadian Human Rights Commission. The Canadian Human Rights Act is a federal law that permits discrimination anything under federal jurisdiction, for example banks, airlines, government agencies, radio and TV companies. Areas that are not covered but the federal jurisdiction are covered by the provincial human rights act. The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) is there to supervise and implement any action under the Canadian Human Rights Act. Any person/group that has reasonable ground to believe that they have been discriminated against has the right to file with CHRC. For Eva to report harassment has taken place against Rosetta, she must first take permission from Rosetta, otherwise there is a chance that her complaint could be rejected. However, there are many things that Rosetta has to be careful with, the CHRC does not accept complaints that are over a year old, if the complaint seems trivial or made in bad faith. Eva must report this problem immediately with the correct proof so her complaint wouldn’t be dismissed. After Eva has filed the complaint, it will be further investigated. It will either be ruled as substantiated or non-substantiation, if ruled substantiated, (in support of complainant) then an attempt to make a settlement will be made. If no settlement is made, then the Human Rights Tribunal Panel can be appointed to further investigate the complaint. If they find that there was discrimination against Rosetta, then she will be compensated as seen appropriate. Eva can also file a complaint with the Ontario Human Rights laws and commission, which will investigate the complaint (also with the consent of Rosetta) and a settlement will be offered to satisfy both parties if no settlement is reached, then complaint will be further investigated. Both these processes are very long, but proven in favour of the complaint many times. However, there are times where there is no discrimination/harassment found in the case. Another thing Eva could do is try to implement the employment equity program within the organization. This program (usually run by employers) is used to undo past employment discrimination and prevent future discrimination and create equal employment opportunity within the company. Eva, with the help of the HR department could use this program and the example of Rosetta to prevent future situations like this by educating the employees about the laws, and diversity. It can also help undo the harassment that Rosetta faced. . What are Al’s responsibilities in this instance? Did he carry them out well? Why or why not? Employers, or managers have one basic responsibility towards their employees, which is to provide a safe environment for their employees and Al, as the manager failed to do so. The job of managers/supervisors is to know the law and to implement it within their organization/team. His responsibility is to be aware of what harassment is, different types of harassments a nd the signs of harassed workers. His responsibility as a manager was to put a stop to the harassment and discrimination Rosetta was facing, and report those employees to the Human Resources Department or to the CHRC. Not only did he fail to put a stop to the harassment, he failed to report it and was also part taking in the harassment by encouraging the jokes those guys were making that made Rosetta feel uncomfortable. Another responsibility of a manager is to have good communication not only within the team members but good employee-to-manager communication which is failed to establish with Rosetta. She did not feel comfortable talking to her manager about the harassment, which ultimately made her quit her job because she felt she had no one to talk to and ask for help. Al, also fails to recognize the harassment happening and blames it on Rosetta not being able to take the jokes lightly and took the accusation of Rosetta being harassed very lightly. He did not carry his responsibilities out well for the reasons stated above, he created an unsafe, uncomfortable environment for one of his employees. How to cite Sexual Harassment Case Study, Free Case study samples Sexual Harassment Case Study Free Essays Individual Case Study #1 1. Is there a case of sexual harassment in this situation or is it only fun? This is a case of sexual harassment because; the words and actions of fellow employees ultimately made Rosetta quit her job. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The technical definition of harassment is when members of an organization treat an employee in a different manner due to that person’s sex, race, religion, age, and etc. Harassment also includes unwelcomed remarks or jokes which make the employee feel uncomfortable. These guys that Rosetta had been working with, as she mentioned were making remarks and asking uncomfortable questions regarding her personal relationships (asking about her boyfriend, asking intimate details and asking if she prefers Canadian men over Italian men), the guys made dirty jokes and purposely made sure that Rosetta heard them, which is another sign of harassment – its causes Rosetta to feel awkward and embarrassed at her workplace (somewhere where she should feel comfortable and safe). Not only, do these guys make dirty jokes, but the manager, Al also contributes and encourages these guys regardless if it’s making another employee uncomfortable. These guys make fun of Rosetta when she comes into work, with remarks like calling her â€Å"Risotto† which in Italian means rice with gravy, not only is this an unwelcomed remark, its taunting her and insulting towards her Italian culture. Another form is harassment is displaying is offensive or pornographic items in a workplace environment. According to Rosetta, these guys post centrefolds pinned on their machines, which are pictures of nude or almost nude women. This is highly inappropriate for the work environment and makes Rosetta uncomfortable. When Rosetta asked these men from refraining to asking awkward and inappropriate questions and to leave her alone, they said that â€Å"Italians are just braggarts† which is derogatory and condescending term against her race. Sexual harassment; a form of harassment, was also present in this situation. Sexual harassment has three different characteristics; the first one being that the encounters must be unwelcomed to the complainant, expressly or implicitly known by the responder to be unwelcomed. This applies to this situation because Rosetta let the guys knows that she did not like the remarks by sayings â€Å"leave me alone† and â€Å"mind your own business† and they still continue to make remarks which leads to the second characteristic; conduct must continue despite the complainant protests, finally the third characteristic is complainants cooperation must be due to employment related threats. Rosetta suffered and took the harassment for so long from the fear of the manager, and being fired from her job. 2. If you were Eva, what would-and could-you do? What are the options? What is the probability of success of each option? Rosetta faced indirect systematic discrimination, which indicates that there is no intention to discriminate, but the system, arrangements, or policies allow it to happen. To begin with, Eva could have talked to the Manager, which she had and it didn’t lead her to positive results. So, she could either go above the manager or go directly to the Human Resource department of that company. This is a long process, which has many steps so Eva could choose to go to the Canadian Human Rights Commission. The Canadian Human Rights Act is a federal law that permits discrimination anything under federal jurisdiction, for example banks, airlines, government agencies, radio and TV companies. Areas that are not covered but the federal jurisdiction are covered by the provincial human rights act. The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) is there to supervise and implement any action under the Canadian Human Rights Act. Any person/group that has reasonable ground to believe that they have been discriminated against has the right to file with CHRC. For Eva to report harassment has taken place against Rosetta, she must first take permission from Rosetta, otherwise there is a chance that her complaint could be rejected. However, there are many things that Rosetta has to be careful with, the CHRC does not accept complaints that are over a year old, if the complaint seems trivial or made in bad faith. Eva must report this problem immediately with the correct proof so her complaint wouldn’t be dismissed. After Eva has filed the complaint, it will be further investigated. It will either be ruled as substantiated or non-substantiation, if ruled substantiated, (in support of complainant) then an attempt to make a settlement will be made. If no settlement is made, then the Human Rights Tribunal Panel can be appointed to further investigate the complaint. If they find that there was discrimination against Rosetta, then she will be compensated as seen appropriate. Eva can also file a complaint with the Ontario Human Rights laws and commission, which will investigate the complaint (also with the consent of Rosetta) and a settlement will be offered to satisfy both parties if no settlement is reached, then complaint will be further investigated. Both these processes are very long, but proven in favour of the complaint many times. However, there are times where there is no discrimination/harassment found in the case. Another thing Eva could do is try to implement the employment equity program within the organization. This program (usually run by employers) is used to undo past employment discrimination and prevent future discrimination and create equal employment opportunity within the company. Eva, with the help of the HR department could use this program and the example of Rosetta to prevent future situations like this by educating the employees about the laws, and diversity. It can also help undo the harassment that Rosetta faced. . What are Al’s responsibilities in this instance? Did he carry them out well? Why or why not? Employers, or managers have one basic responsibility towards their employees, which is to provide a safe environment for their employees and Al, as the manager failed to do so. The job of managers/supervisors is to know the law and to implement it within their organization/team. His responsibility is to be aware of what harassment is, different types of harassments a nd the signs of harassed workers. His responsibility as a manager was to put a stop to the harassment and discrimination Rosetta was facing, and report those employees to the Human Resources Department or to the CHRC. Not only did he fail to put a stop to the harassment, he failed to report it and was also part taking in the harassment by encouraging the jokes those guys were making that made Rosetta feel uncomfortable. Another responsibility of a manager is to have good communication not only within the team members but good employee-to-manager communication which is failed to establish with Rosetta. She did not feel comfortable talking to her manager about the harassment, which ultimately made her quit her job because she felt she had no one to talk to and ask for help. Al, also fails to recognize the harassment happening and blames it on Rosetta not being able to take the jokes lightly and took the accusation of Rosetta being harassed very lightly. He did not carry his responsibilities out well for the reasons stated above, he created an unsafe, uncomfortable environment for one of his employees. How to cite Sexual Harassment Case Study, Free Case study samples

Where to Hire WordPress Developers Locally - Try These 5 Spots

At some point, your WordPress website will probably require special design or development work. Whether youd like an expert to set up and manage your entire site or you need a designer to make smaller tweaks, finding a reputable development professional isnt the easiest task. Many online job boards offer opportunities to contract workers, and you can find cheap work on Fiverr for those smaller projects. But sometimes the results arent always great, which is why learning to hire WordPress developers locally is often your best bet.From development bootcamps to local meetups, big and small towns are filled with developers.For this example, Ill use my hometown of Chicago. Now, you might say, My town isnt as big as Chicago, so I wont have the same options.And there is some truth to that.While the tips and methods below work perfectly for those in larger cities, those elsewhere may need to travel a few hours to land the right prospect. Even hiring a WordPress developer two or three hours a way from you can yield excellent results.So, if want to hire WordPress developers locally, heres how to do it. You can meet the WordPress developer in person Would you typically hire someone without interviewing them face-to-face? A formal interview reveals character, motivation, planning, and communication skills.You have direct contact with the developer When you have a close relationship with your developer they provide timely support and guidance.It allows you access to quality, hungry, and affordable web developers Local schools and bootcamps are just the start. Many cities have Meetups where qualified, but new, developers are ready to work.They may recommend reputable friends or associates for other work Tech and creative folks tend to run in the same circles. Need a photographer or a blogger after your eCommerce site is done? Ask your developer.Local knowledge and connections Local developers know your area. For instance, if Im running a Chicago hardware store, they migh t design the website based on colors, themes, and landmarks in Chicago.Method 1:  Hire WordPress developers locally with development bootcampsDevelopment bootcamps  put students through rigorous course plans to ensure they gain professional-level skills within a short period of time. Dev Bootcamp is one of the most popular ones, with locations in Austin, Chicago, New York, San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle. The  Dev Bootcamp website has a button for you to contact the organization for hiring prospects. Many students are looking for full-time jobs, but if youre interested in a freelancer, this gives them the opportunity to build their portfolio and work on skills in the real world.Bootcamps are available under different names, so I recommend Googling development bootcamps + the biggest city near you. For instance, V School is in Utah, the Software Guild is in Atlanta, Louisville, and Minneapolis, and Le Wagon trains developers all over the world.Method 2: Visit local tech m eetups and networkIf you havent heard of Meetup.com, its a website for organizing and attending local meetings for enthusiasts and professionals. Most Meetups are free, and the categories include Tech, Writing, Career, Film, and more.I recommend signing up and searching the Tech category in your area.After that, youll see the Meetup groups and how many members are involved. I would choose an active, high-membership group, with meeting topics that relate to development (or, more ideally, WordPress).Contact the organizer before you walk into a Meetup. Ive been to many tech  Meetups in Chicago, and they vary drastically in the topics discussed and meeting formats. For instance, one of them was about mobile app development, while another was a jampacked contest where startups pitched their ideas in front of judges.To ensure you have a chance to find job candidates, I recommend the following steps when approaching Meetups as a way to hire WordPress developers locally:Find the organizer on Meetup.com and send them a message with what youre trying to achieve and how your job can benefit members.Ask if its possible to speak about your job opportunity for a few minutes.If thats not possible, inquire about how the Meetup will go. Do the organizers set aside time for networking? If not, this might not be the best recruiting Meetup for you.If given the chance to speak, touch on the scope of your project.Place business cards on the table and invite people to introduce themselves afterward.Method 3: Contact universities in the area with web development departmentsFull universities and community colleges often have web development or information system departments. You cant just walk into a class, so its best to search for the right departments online. Many universities list professor contact information. You can use this information to reach out and see if the professor knows any students who might be interested in work.I didnt want to share the contact information in the screenshots, but both Depaul and IIT provide emails for the department heads if you scroll down on the websites.Method 4: Post a gig or job advertisement  on your local Craigslist siteThe Jobs area on Craigslist requires a fee and its for longterm opportunities. As a result, the Gigs section is best to hire a WordPress developer locally on a short-term, gig basis.Your Craigslist posting can be informal, where you explain that you need a developer in your town.You can also go the more professional route, listing required skills, the type of business you run, and what the job looks like on a daily basis.Method 5: Browse local Google search resultsWhen you hire WordPress developers locally it doesnt mean that you have to stick with individuals. Web design firms  have the benefits of local talent, but you might have to pay extra. If thats okay, search Google and look at ratings.Ready to hire WordPress developers locally?My favorite techniques to  hire WordPress developers locally include contacting dev bootcamps and going to Meetups. However, I recommend that you try each method to expand your reach and find the best candidate.If you have questions on how to hire WordPress developers locally, let us know in the comments! Check out these tips to hire local #WordPress #developers

Egypt Unfinished Business

Egypt Unfinished Business Following a successive revolution in Tunisia where protesters forced the then president Ben Ali out of position, it seemed as what people called an Arab revolution. However, in perhaps the most unexpected development in the modern Egypt history, the Egyptians also decided to follow the road used by Tunisia to end the 29 years dictatorship of President Hosni Mubarak.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Egypt Unfinished Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On 25th January 2011, young protestors came to the streets in the wake to push Mubarak to announce his intention not to participate in the coming election and these protestors used the social media to organize a great number of people that culminated to the ever-larger nationwide protests (Sharp 2). On 28 January, thousands of protestors throughout the country were on the streets in what they called peaceful demonstrations where approximatly100, 000 protestors turne d up in Cairo alone (Sharp 2). After a few days, the government learnt the role of the media and internet during the protests and the magnitude of the protestors’ growth; they put limits all media including internet (Sharp 2). The government arrested Gael Ghonim, a young Google executive who created a Face book group Khaled, the main protestors’ social networking site (Sharp 10). The protests further continued until the resignation of Mubarak on February 11. However, the status in Egypt even after the resignation of Mubarak is not at rest. In the past few weeks there has been instability in Egypt as the citizens are not contempt with the army’s rule and the preparations for 28th November elections. In this paper, the focus is on the view and the role of the tactical media and the media activists in these protests. What do you think about tactical media and media activism in relation to Egypt protests? Rita Raley (1) describes tactical media as â€Å"interventio nal media art practices that engage and critique the dominant political and economic order.† The practitioners of this media engage in well crafted politics of disruption, intervention, and education. The tactical media practitioners use media away from the mainstream media. They spread information that is not in the mainstream news commonly referred as media activism (Rita 5). In addition, media activism involves the use of media and communication technology for social movement as well as the attempt to change media and communication policies (Rita 6).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tactical media and media activism featured highly during the Egypt protests. During the protest, it is evident through the attempts of the government to stem the media coverage of the protest. The recent protest is characterised by use of media activisms, which comes out throu gh the issues that caused the protests. As mentioned earlier the practitioners use political disruption. In this case, the protests are on the proposed principles of constitution, and the worry that the military would be shaped as a state within a state. In the January’s protests, the government blocked the internet access, traffic as well as SMS but this did very little. The protestors used mobile phones, social networks such as Face book, twitter and You tube to pas information, videos, images, and stories. They also used other web, third party apps, proxy websites, software, and VPN where this tactical media passed information that had little truth in Egypt and to rest of the world. Dotson A, 2011 in strategic social media J412 at the University of Oregon asserts that even long before the newscast reported of the protest in Egypt, people in New York new about it through social media and therefore social media played a great role during this protests. What Are The Roles Pla yed By Tactical Media And Media Activism In Egypt During Protests? The tactical media and media activism played a great role during the Egypt’s protests. First, the initial start of the protests started through the social media. People sent incitement information through the social media against the Mubarak’s rule and his failure to declare his stand not to participate in the next elections. Further, after the eruption of the protests the number grew larger due to communications through the social media. The protestors used mobile phones, Face book; You tube and twitter to pass information and this aggravated the situation in Cairo as well as in Egypt. This media was used to pass information from the ground that was more exaggerated in order to catch the attention of the World and therefore played a role in seeking sympathizers from other parts of the world. The media passed pictures and video of the inhuman acts by the riot police to the protestors, which called for t he nations like USA to intervene. The intervention of other nations to the situation in Egypt even made things worse as this media encouraged the protestors of the worldwide support. In addition, the use of social media gave the protestors the confidence to continue as it made them aware that they were not alone in this fight. They therefore, believed even if they suffer, they would not suffer alone. Thus, the media acted as a tool of encouragement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Egypt Unfinished Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Media and communication technology is of great importance to the world because it keeps the world in touch of the happenings as well as enlightening the people. Further, it used to unite the people for a common goal such as the fight against drug abuse, environmental conservation and HIV/AIDs control. However, it is dangerous if used for the long purpose as it causes a s table country to be ruined as for the case of Egypt. Rita , Raley. Tactical Media. New York. University of Minnesota. 2009. Print. Sharp, Jeremy. Egpyt: The January 25 Revolution and Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy, Washington DC, USA. Congressional Research Service. 2011. Print

The Origins of Rice Domestication in China

The Origins of Rice Domestication in China Today, rice (Oryza species) feeds more than half the worlds population  and accounts for 20 percent of the worlds total calorie intake. Although a staple in diets worldwide, rice is central to the economy and landscape of wider East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian ancient and modern civilizations. Particularly in contrast to Mediterranean cultures, which are primarily based on wheat bread, Asian cooking styles, food textural preferences, and feasting rituals are based on consumption of this vital crop. Rice grows on every continent in the world except Antartica, and has 21 different wild varieties and three distinct cultivated species: Oryza sativa japonica, domesticated in what is today central China by about 7,000 years BCE, Oryza sativa indica, domesticated/hybridized in the Indian subcontinent about 2500 BCE, and Oryza glabberima, domesticated/hybridized in west Africa between about 1500 and 800 BCE. Origin Species: Oryza rufipogonFirst Domestication: Yangtse River basin, China, O. sativa japonica, 9500-6000 years ago (bp)Paddy (Wet Rice Field) Invention: Yangtse River basin, China, 7000 bpSecond and Third Domestications: India/Indonesia, Oryza indica, 4000 bp; Africa, Oryza glaberrima, 3200 bp Earliest Evidence The oldest evidence of rice consumption identified to date is four grains of rice recovered from the Yuchanyan Cave, a rock shelter in Dao County, Hunan Province in China. Some scholars associated with the site have argued that these grains seem to represent very early forms of domestication, having characteristics of both japonica and sativa. Culturally, the Yuchanyan site is associated with the Upper Paleolithic/incipient Jomon, dated between 12,000 and 16,000 years ago. Rice phytoliths (some of which appeared to be identifiable to japonica) were identified in the sediment deposits of Diaotonghuan Cave, located near Poyang Lake in the middle Yangtse river valley radiocarbon dated about 10,000-9000 years before the present. Additional soil core testing of the lake sediments revealed rice phytoliths from rice of some sort present in the valley before 12,820 BP. However, other scholars argue that although these occurrences of rice grains in archaeological sites such as Yuchanyan and Diaotonghuan caves represent consumption and/or use as pottery temper, they do not represent evidence of domestication. Origins of Rice in China Oryza sativa japonica was derived solely from Oryza rufipogon, a poor-yielding rice native to swampy regions that required intentional manipulation of both water and salt, and some harvest experimentation. Just when and where that occurred remains somewhat controversial. There are four regions that are currently considered possible loci of domestication in China: the middle Yangtze (Pengtoushan culture, including such sites as at Bashidang); the Huai River (including the Jiahu site) of southwest Henan province; the Houli culture of Shandong province; and the lower Yangtze River Valley. Most but not all scholars point to the lower Yangtze River as the likely origin location, which at the end of the Younger Dryas (between 9650 and 5000 BCE) was the northern edge of the range for O. rufipogon. Younger Dryas climatic changes in the region included the increase of local temperatures and summer monsoon rainfall amounts, and the inundation of much of the coastal regions of China as the sea rose an estimated 200 feet (60 meters). Early evidence for the use of wild O. rufipogon has been identified at Shangshan and Jiahu, both of which contained ceramic vessels tempered with rice chaff, from contexts dated between 8000–7000 BCE. Direct dating of rice grains at two Yangtse river basin sites was reported by Chinese archaeologists led by Xinxin Zuo: Shangshan (9400 cal BP) and Hehuashan (9000 cal BP), or about 7,000 BCE. By about 5,000 BCE, domesticated japonica is found throughout the Yangtse valley, including large amounts of rice kernels at such sites as TongZian Luojiajiao (7100 BP) and Hemuda (7000 BP). By 6000–3500 BCE, rice and other Neolithic lifestyle changes were spread throughout southern China. Rice reached Southeast Asia into Vietnam and Thailand (Hoabinhian period) by 3000–2000 BCE. The domestication process was likely a very slow one, lasting between 7000 and 100 BCE. Chinse archaeologist Yongchao Ma and colleagues have identified three stages in the domestication process during which rice slowly changed eventually becoming a dominant part of local diets by about 2500 BCE. Changes from the original plant are recognized as the location of rice fields outside of perennial swamps and wetlands, and non-shattering rachis. Out of China Although scholars have come close to a consensus concerning the origins of rice in China, its subsequent spread outside of the center of domestication in the Yangtze Valley is still a matter of controversy. Scholars have generally agreed that the originally domesticated plant for all varieties of rice is  Oryza sativa japonica, domesticated from  O. rufipogon  in the lower Yangtze River Valley by hunter-gatherers approximately 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. At least 11 separate routes for the spread of rice throughout Asia, Oceania, and Africa have been suggested by scholars. At least twice, say scholars, a manipulation of  japonica  rice was required: in the Indian subcontinent about 2500 BC, and in West Africa between 1500 and 800 BCE. India and Indonesia For quite some time, scholars have been divided about the presence of rice in India and Indonesia, where it came from and when it got there. Some scholars have argued that the rice was simply  O. s. japonica, introduced straight from China; others have argued that the  O. indica  variety of rice is unrelated to japonica and was independently domesticated from  Oryza nivara. Other scholars suggest that  Oryza indica  is a hybrid between a fully domesticated  Oryza japonica  and a semi-domesticated or local wild version of  Oryza nivara. Unlike  O. japonica, O. nivara  can be exploited on a large scale without instituting cultivation or habitat change. The earliest type of rice agriculture used in the Ganges was likely dry cropping, with the plants water needs provided by monsoonal rains and seasonal flood recession. The earliest irrigated paddy rice in the Ganges is at least the end of the second millennium BC and certainly by the beginning of the Iron Age. Arrival in the Indus Valley The archaeological record suggests that  O. japonica  arrived in the  Indus Valley  at least as early as 2400–2200 BCE, and became well-established in the Ganges River region beginning around 2000 BCE. However, by at least 2500 BCE, at the site of Senuwar, some rice cultivation, presumably of dryland  O. nivara  was underway. Additional evidence for the continuing interaction of China by 2000 BCE with Northwest India and Pakistan comes from the appearance of other crop introductions from China, including peach, apricot,  broomcorn millet, and Cannabis.  Longshan  style harvest knives were made and used in the Kashmir and Swat regions after 2000 BCE. Although Thailand certainly first received domesticated rice from China–archaeological data indicates that until about 300 BCE, the dominant type was  O. japonica–contact with India about 300 BCE, led to the establishment of a rice regime that relied on wetland systems of agriculture, and using  O. indica. Wetland rice–that is to say rice grown in flooded paddies–is an invention of Chinese farmers, and so its exploitation in India is of interest. Rice Paddy Invention All species of wild rice are wetland species: however, the archaeological record implies that the original domestication of rice was to move it into a more or less dryland environment, planted along the edges of wetlands, and then flooded using natural flooding and annual rain patterns. Wet rice farming, including the creation of rice paddies, was invented in China about 5000 BCE, with the earliest evidence to date at Tianluoshan, where paddy fields have been identified and dated. Paddy rice is more labor-intensive then dryland rice, and it requires an organized and stable ownership of land parcels. But it is far more productive than dryland rice, and by creating the stability of terracing and field construction, it reduces environmental damage caused by intermittent flooding. In addition, allowing the river to flood the paddies replenishes the replacement of nutrients taken from the field by the crop. Direct evidence for intensive wet rice agriculture, including field systems, comes from two sites in the lower Yangtze (Chuodun and Caoxieshan) both of which date to 4200–3800 BCE, and one site (Chengtoushan) in the middle Yangtze at about 4500 BCE. Rice in Africa A third domestication/hybridization appears to have happened during the African Iron Age in the Niger delta region of west Africa, by which  Oryza sativa  was crossed with O. barthii to produce  O. glaberrima. The earliest ceramic impressions of rice grains date from between 1800 to 800 BCE in the side of Ganjigana, in northeast Nigeria. documented domesticated O. glaberrima has first been identified at Jenne-Jeno in Mali, dated between 300 BCE and 200 BCE. French plant geneticist Philippe Cubry and colleagues suggest that the domestication process may have been begun about 3,200 years ago when the Sahara was expanding and making the wild form of rice harder to find. Sources Cubry, Philippe, et al. The Rise and Fall of African Rice Cultivation Revealed by Analysis of 246 New Genomes. Current Biology 28.14 (2018): 2274–82.e6. Print.Luo, Wuhong, et al. Phytolith Records of Rice Agriculture During the Middle Neolithic in the Middle Reaches of . Quaternary International 426 (2016): 133–40. Print.Huai River Region, ChinaMa, Yongchao, et al. Rice Bulliform Phytoliths Reveal the Process of Rice Domestication in the Neolithic Lower Yangtze River Region. Quaternary International 426 (2016): 126–32. Print.Shillito, Lisa-Marie. Grains of Truth or Transparent Blindfolds? A Review of Current Debates in Archaeological Phytolith Analysis. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22.1 (2013): 71–82. Print.Wang, Muhua, et al. The Genome Sequence of African Rice (Oryza . Nature Genetics 46.9 (2014): 982–8. Print.Glaberrima) and Evidence for Independent DomesticationWin, Khin Thanda, et al. A Single Base Change Explains the Independent Origin of and Selection for the Nonshattering Gene in African Rice Domestication. New Phytologist 213.4 (2016): 1925–35. Print. Zheng, Yunfei, et al. Rice Domestication Revealed by Reduced Shattering of Archaeological Rice from the Lower Yangtze Valley. Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 28136. Print.Zuo, Xinxin, et al. Dating Rice Remains through Phytolith Carbon-14 Study Reveals Domestication at the Beginning of the Holocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114.25 (2017): 6486–91. Print.

Busness Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Busness Writing - Assignment Example 3 Steps of Communication Planning The first stage when one has to consider when one intends to convey information using written communication is planning. This basically involves analyzing what one intends to communicate to others. This stage is subdivided into four phases (Thill &Bovee 82). Firstly, one has to come up with a statement of purpose where one examines the specific opportunity or problem thoroughly which he or she intends to communicate. This should be done in order to avoid wasting time on unnecessary information when communicating. The second phase of this step involves gathering information emphasizing on what the audience needs. Ones you establish these needs, only information that is relevant to the audience should be considered. The third phase involves selecting the medium in which one intends to convey the written information. One should consider various mediums instead of a specific one to ensure flexibility. Examples of mediums of conveying written communicatio n include published documents and reports among others. When selecting the medium or channel which one intends to use, factors to consider include, who the audience is, importance of the message, feedback required, and the cost incurred. Finally, the last phase of planning involves organizing information acquired in order for it to support your main ideas. Writing The second stage involves the primary composition of what one intends to communicate. The writer should sensitize on the audience’s needs making sure that they communicate in a non-biased, polite and clear way. One should begin by writing a draft copy of what they intend to communicate making sure that they organize their information into an introduction, body and a conclusion. Using strong words is beneficial since it ensures the information being conveyed is coherent and impactful because it ensures that their information is taken with a lot of seriousness. One should also control the tone of their communication t hroughout their communication with regard to the situation in which the written communication is being done. Revising The final step in written communication is revising and proofreading the draft copy converting it into the final message. When one is producing the final message, one needs to organize the information in the message in layouts and designs that are both attractive and effective. This ensures that the message has a both professional and a friendly look. However, one should be careful not to change the written communication from formal to informal since this is easily done by the use of wrong layouts and formats (Thill &Bovee 80). Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Oral and Written media Oral media is characterized by various advantages over written communication. In oral communication, feedback is spontaneous unlike in written communication where feedback takes quite some time. A good example is letters which quite long to be replied since it involves po st offices and messengers. Another advantage oral media has over written communication is time saving as it is fast and convenient unlike written communication which involves a long process. Oral media is advantageous since incorporates a personal touch helps in building a good working environment which can be beneficial to a business organization. Written media is characte

Philosophical methods and their role in integrating learning and faith Essay

Philosophical methods and their role in integrating learning and faith - Essay Example In Greek semantics, the traditional goal most associated with philosophy as a discipline is not stated directly, which is not to say that truth is absent in the definition of philosophy, but rather that truth is present in the defining aspect of wisdom. Wisdom relates to truth as knowledge relates to understanding, and the dynamics of this relationship is illustrated in the Greek term ‘Sophia’. In defining philosophy as the â€Å"love of wisdom,† the nature of wisdom itself must be analyzed through a comparison to other types of knowledge. On a fundamental level, traditional philosophy in both the Eastern and Western traditions is gnostic, for these schools assert that truth can be directly experienced and known by human consciousness and that truth is divinely inspired or created by aspects of a divine being. Yet, philosophers themselves may differ in the degree or the manner in which they accord truth to be divine, sacred, holy, or beautiful. Similarly, an agnostic philosophy may be possible, where followers of the teaching believe that truth itself cannot be known absolutely, constructed accurately, or experienced in a valid form by human consciousness, and that truth is not divinely inspired or created by theistic forces. An agnostic belief system or philosophy would appear to be inherently tragic in believing that truth cannot be definitively known to mind, whereas a gnostic or religious system of philosophy can be expected to be liberating through either immanence or transcendence related to mental apprehension o f truth. Therefore, in the gnostic aspects of philosophy, the reconciliation of faith and learning becomes possible, where truth is equated with divinity and wisdom with spirituality in the wider context of life and experience related to the existential aspects of being. In comparison, this possibility of reconciling faith and learning is fundamentally cut-off or eliminated from the philosophy of the agnostic type, as God or divinity is inherently rejected as valid reference. The relationship between philosophy and religion is seen traditionally across all cultures, languages, and schools of thought. In the Christian tradition, Max Dashu (2000) writes, â€Å"The syncretism of Judaic, Egyptian, Hellenistic and Persian traditions gave rise to Gnosticism, a name which arose directly from an emphasis on inner knowing.† (Dashu, 2000) In defining philosophy through the gnostic methodology of â€Å"inner knowing,† a deeper inquiry into the historical dimensions of ‘Soph ia’ or wisdom is also required. Wisdom in the age of the Greeks may have been worshipped with the attributes of the Divine Goddess in indigenous religious traditions, though simultaneously operating as an integral aspect of consciousness. Most schools of philosophy are united by the belief that truth can be apprehended by consciousness, but religious philosophy synchronizes divinity with truth experientially through gnostic realization. Gnosticism as a school of Christianity combining elements of Platonism, Pythagoreanism, Buddhism, and Orphism in a syncretic manner is distinct from the ‘direct knowing of truth’

Symbols in Beloved

Symbols in Beloved The degradation imposed upon all slaves, the relationships among enslaved and the changes in their own perception of themselves, the meaning of time and memory and how it influences the future are some of the problems explored by Toni Morrison in her novel Beloved. What really impressed us while reading the book were the various ways she approached her readers. The style combines literary realism with biblical myths, folklore, and pure historical reality with deep symbolism. The role of the symbols is the focus of this paper. Different authors have investigated the symbols in Beloved but still not much is written about some of the symbols that are the object of this research the number 124, the name Sethe and the colours used in the narration. The three symbols will be approached separately despite their common role in the narration. The main task is to familiarise with these symbols, to present some authors remarks about them and to point out the multiple ways to read symbols. A further analysis of their interconnection may come out as a separate work. A symbol, as defined by Merriam-Webster online Dictionary and Thesaurus is something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance. Quite often it is a visible sign of something that can not be seen. The word symbol comes from the Greek verb symballein which means to put together and the noun symbolon which means mark, taken or sign. To suit our purposes a more complex explanation of the symbols will be of better use: A symbol has complex, not only literal meaning, but also additional meaning(s) beyond the literal. Sometimes the literal meaning of a symbol is absurd, so that the symbolic meaning over-rides and cancels out the literal meaning. A symbol may have more than one meaning. In fact, the most significant symbols do convey an indefinite range of meanings (Doty 1). But one should not forget that the meaning of a piece of literature depends on the readers freedom to perceive and understand it in a unique way. So weather a symbol is well chosen or not will be judged by the way the reader responds to it. In Beloved Toni Morrison uses a variety of symbols in order to escape from the conventional and at the same time to ensure that the message she wants to convey will reach its audience. Colours, numbers, names, trees and different images all come to help her transfer her ideas to the public. In this work the focus will be on three main symbols used and their role in the narration: number 124, the name Sethe and the colours. Number 124 Having in mind the idea of symbols and their meaning, the first thing that strikes is number 124. It actually is connected to the spot where most of the action takes place the house at 124 Bluestone Road, .a residence where every inhabitant feels secure, surrounded by the community and sometimes suffocated by the too tense atmosphere. But if the reader decides to look further, he will notice that if the separate digits are summed up, 7 is reached. 124 fits this astrological delineation because the sum of the three digitsadd up to aforementioned 7 (Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved 1). According to the numerology number seven represents creation as well as vitality and mystery which are the key points of the whole novel. It also identifies a positive renewal and stands for the punishment, the purification and the penitence. Another way to interpret the number is that 124 stands for Sethes four children among whom the third one Beloved, is absent (Atousa 6). Perceived in this way the symbol is extremely strong in reminding the reader of the murdered child, its ghostly presence in the life of the family and Sethes great sense of loss. The Name Sethe Even the name of the protagonist Sethe is symbolic. Using it Toni Morrison connects the story of the proud and independent woman who has dedicated all her life to her children with the ancient Egypt, on one hand, and the Holy Bible, on the other. The two ways to read the symbol may be seen as an attempt of the author to reach a wider audience or to show the complexity of the character. The God of chaos, wind and storms Seth- a man with the head of an animal or bird, gives some masculine features to this female slave but at the same time emphasises her chaotic state of mind that leads to breaking down the polarities of right and wrong (Lewis 1). The Biblical Seth the child of Adam and Eve also adds strength and determination to her character and represents her skills to fight and overcome difficulties. Yet, as a typical representative of the enslaved, she has spent all of her efforts not trying to avoid pain but to get through it as quickly as possible. The Colours Colours take significant place in the setting, describing the way people feel or conveying hope for a brighter future. They are symbols of life which Sethe does not take for granted. Trying to find the vitality in the moment, she follows her inner self. Black and white represents the obvious contradiction between the world of people whose skin is white and those with black one. White is usually accepted as a symbol of innocence, life, light, purity, or enlightenment, while black is seen as a cold and negative colour suggesting passivity, death, ignorance, or evil. In Beloved one can speak of colour-consciousness presented as a part of a relationship that has affected the lives of many. Baby Suggs, Sethes mother-in-law, says Those white things have taken all I had or dreamed. . . and broke my heartstrings too. There is no bad luck in the world but whitefolks(89). Her words describe the bitterness and destruction crying deep in her heart. Another symbol coming from the red part of the spectrum could be seen over and over again throughout Beloved. Red symbolizes action, courage, vitality. For Amy Denver, the red velvet signifies her ambitions for a calm and peaceful life, while the red heart of Paul D stands for his emotions. Life and death, presence and absence go together in the novel and their influence could be felt at each stage. The red roses which line the road to the carnival herald its arrival in town but also mark the beginning of new life for Sethe, Denver, and Paul D, their expectations. These roses at the same time are to remind the death. Red is all that Morrison need say, for she shows us what it means to know color as a matter of life and death (Morey 1040) There are many different artistic devices used in literature. Toni Morrison has applied a variety of techniques but certainly a strong point in her style in Beloved is the usage of a vast number symbols conveying often mixed messages. 124 when summed up makes seven which symbolises creation and vitality but seen as a sequence is the sign of something lost forever. Sethe is both the name of the child of Adam and Eve, strong in coping with difficulties and the name of the God of chaos and storm, restless in his pursuit of good and bad. Black and white, dark and light, the colours that are commonly associated with the slaves and their enslavers and red the colour of love and yet sometimes smelling of death. The symbolic dimension of Toni Morrisons novel goes together with the development of the narrative and sometimes even takes over. It is a powerful means to present the plurality of races, genders, classes, and ethnicities in America at that time. Karen Bernardo says that just as characterization and dialogue and plot work on the surface to move the story along, symbolism works under the surface to tie the storys external action to the theme(Bernardo 1). That external action in our opinion is often more influential than the surface one as symbols convey deep messages that are transferred sometimes even without the conscious knowledge of the reader. The only requirement is to read with open senses.

Antoinette: Wide Sargasso Sea

AP Literature 10/29/12 Deriving Antoinette’s Insanity In the novel, Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, one of the main characters goes through emotional chaos. That character’s name is Antoinette. She grew up in Jamaica in a rich family. After her brother Pierre died, her mother went crazy. Later on in the book, Antoinette goes crazy as well. Some critics believe that Antoinette’s madness is heredity. I disagree with that critique. The primary source of Antoinette’s madness is from the harsh treatment of her husband, Rochester. There are smaller causes as well, like the night when slaves burned down her family’s house.Antoinette is devastated. The continuous devastation along with cruel treatment from people around her cause her insanity In the beginning of the novel, Antoinette is a solitary young girl. She wanders the island, learning about the world. The fact that she is white creates tension between her and the Jamaican people. Her family also has a lot of money and most people there are poor. Tia becomes her only real friend. She loses that friend mainly because Tia is black and she is white. Jamaican people didn’t like her family. One night the slaves burn down her house, laughing and throwing stones at the family.This shocks Antoinette. She likes the Jamaican people. During the fire she sees Tia and thinks, â€Å"I will live with Tia and be like her. Not to leave Coulibri. Not to go. Not. † Just as she thinks this, Tia throws a stone at her. Emotionally, this is the start of much devastation in her life. Later on in the novel, Antoinette is married to Rochester. At first, they seem happy together. Antoinette shows him the island she grew up on and tells him stories of her childhood. Antoinette feels love again. Little does she know, Rochester feels nothing but lust for her.Rochester leads Antoinette on even more by having sex with her. Antoinette is the happiest she has ever been in her life. Rochester still feels nothing. He thinks, â€Å"As for the happiness I gave her, that was worse than nothing. I did not love her. I was thirsty for her, but that is not love. † He continues to lead her on until one day where he suddenly stops having sex with her. Antoinette goes from an extreme high, to a low point in her life. She has no one. The madness sets in. Rochester receives a letter from a man named Daniel Cosway, who tells him of Antoinette’s family history.He also tells him that he is Antoinette’s half-brother and madness runs in the family. Daniel warns Rochester that Antoinette is crazy as well. Rochester believes him and continues to push Antoinette away. One day Rochester has sex with Amelie, a servant. He doesn’t try to hide it. Antoinette hears and is hurt beyond repair. Because of this, she is more than crazy. Antoinette becomes a love crazy lunatic. She loses another person I her life whom she loved, because of this, She is not repairable. They leave t he island and Rochester locks her up. He doesn’t even try to help her.When a person is repeatedly subjected to this kind of cruel, evil-hearted treatment, the only course for that person is insanity. Heredity is not the source of the insanity though. There is nothing hereditary about what Rochester did to Antoinette. Even if madness didn’t run in the family, Antoinette probably would have the same reaction. It doesn’t help that after the cruel things that Rochester did, she had no way to cope with them. Christophine couldn’t help because Rochester threatened her. Again, there is nothing hereditary about how Rochester acted. Every reason for Antoinette’s madness has nothing to do with heredity, but cruelty.

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas

Do you want to come up with a truly original science fair project that is all your own and not one out of a book or used by another student? Heres advice that may help stimulate your creativity. Find a Topic That Interests You What interests you? Food? Video games? Dogs? Football? The first step is to identify subjects that you like. Ask Questions Original ideas start with questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Which? You can ask questions such as: Does ____ affect ____ ? What is the effect of _____ on _____ ? How much ____ is required to _____ ? To what extent does ____ affect ____ ? Designing an Experiment Can you answer your question by changing only one factor? If not, then it will save you a lot of time and energy to ask a different question. Can you take measurements or do you have a variable you can count such as yes/no or on/off? It is important to be able to take measurable data rather than rely on subjective data. You can measure length or mass, for example, but it is hard to measure human memory or factors such as taste and smell. Try brainstorming ideas. Think of topics that interest you and start asking questions. Write down variables that you know you can measure. Do you have a stopwatch? You could measure time. Do you have a thermometer? You could measure temperature? Cross out any questions that you cant answer. Pick the remaining idea that you like the best or try this exercise with a new subject. It may not be easy at first, but with a little practice, youll be generating lots of original ideas.

Identifying Adjective Clauses Exercise

Instructions for the Exercise in Identifying Adjective Clauses Only some of the sentences below contain adjective clauses  (also called relative clauses). See if you can pick out the adjective clauses, and then compare your responses with the answers below. Identify the Adjective Clauses I bought a car from Merdine, and it turned out to be a lemon.The car that I bought from Merdine turned out to be a lemon.Pandora, who had recently celebrated a birthday, opened the box of gifts.Lila, who has been the fire warden for 30 years, lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats.Lila, who lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats, has been the fire warden for 30 years.People who smoke cigarettes should be considerate of nonsmokers.Jacob, who smokes cigarettes, is considerate of nonsmokers.Mr. Mann has small, dark eyes, which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses.My wedding ring is worth at least ten dollars, and now I have lost it.I have lost my wedding ring, which is worth at least ten dollars. Answers (no adjective clause)that I bought from  Merdinewho had recently celebrated a birthdaywho has been the town fire warden for nearly 30 yearswho lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and catswho smoke cigarettes  which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses(no adjective clause)which is worth at least ten dollars