Symbols in Beloved

Symbols in Beloved The degradation imposed upon all slaves, the relationships among enslaved and the changes in their own perception of themselves, the meaning of time and memory and how it influences the future are some of the problems explored by Toni Morrison in her novel Beloved. What really impressed us while reading the book were the various ways she approached her readers. The style combines literary realism with biblical myths, folklore, and pure historical reality with deep symbolism. The role of the symbols is the focus of this paper. Different authors have investigated the symbols in Beloved but still not much is written about some of the symbols that are the object of this research the number 124, the name Sethe and the colours used in the narration. The three symbols will be approached separately despite their common role in the narration. The main task is to familiarise with these symbols, to present some authors remarks about them and to point out the multiple ways to read symbols. A further analysis of their interconnection may come out as a separate work. A symbol, as defined by Merriam-Webster online Dictionary and Thesaurus is something that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance. Quite often it is a visible sign of something that can not be seen. The word symbol comes from the Greek verb symballein which means to put together and the noun symbolon which means mark, taken or sign. To suit our purposes a more complex explanation of the symbols will be of better use: A symbol has complex, not only literal meaning, but also additional meaning(s) beyond the literal. Sometimes the literal meaning of a symbol is absurd, so that the symbolic meaning over-rides and cancels out the literal meaning. A symbol may have more than one meaning. In fact, the most significant symbols do convey an indefinite range of meanings (Doty 1). But one should not forget that the meaning of a piece of literature depends on the readers freedom to perceive and understand it in a unique way. So weather a symbol is well chosen or not will be judged by the way the reader responds to it. In Beloved Toni Morrison uses a variety of symbols in order to escape from the conventional and at the same time to ensure that the message she wants to convey will reach its audience. Colours, numbers, names, trees and different images all come to help her transfer her ideas to the public. In this work the focus will be on three main symbols used and their role in the narration: number 124, the name Sethe and the colours. Number 124 Having in mind the idea of symbols and their meaning, the first thing that strikes is number 124. It actually is connected to the spot where most of the action takes place the house at 124 Bluestone Road, .a residence where every inhabitant feels secure, surrounded by the community and sometimes suffocated by the too tense atmosphere. But if the reader decides to look further, he will notice that if the separate digits are summed up, 7 is reached. 124 fits this astrological delineation because the sum of the three digitsadd up to aforementioned 7 (Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved 1). According to the numerology number seven represents creation as well as vitality and mystery which are the key points of the whole novel. It also identifies a positive renewal and stands for the punishment, the purification and the penitence. Another way to interpret the number is that 124 stands for Sethes four children among whom the third one Beloved, is absent (Atousa 6). Perceived in this way the symbol is extremely strong in reminding the reader of the murdered child, its ghostly presence in the life of the family and Sethes great sense of loss. The Name Sethe Even the name of the protagonist Sethe is symbolic. Using it Toni Morrison connects the story of the proud and independent woman who has dedicated all her life to her children with the ancient Egypt, on one hand, and the Holy Bible, on the other. The two ways to read the symbol may be seen as an attempt of the author to reach a wider audience or to show the complexity of the character. The God of chaos, wind and storms Seth- a man with the head of an animal or bird, gives some masculine features to this female slave but at the same time emphasises her chaotic state of mind that leads to breaking down the polarities of right and wrong (Lewis 1). The Biblical Seth the child of Adam and Eve also adds strength and determination to her character and represents her skills to fight and overcome difficulties. Yet, as a typical representative of the enslaved, she has spent all of her efforts not trying to avoid pain but to get through it as quickly as possible. The Colours Colours take significant place in the setting, describing the way people feel or conveying hope for a brighter future. They are symbols of life which Sethe does not take for granted. Trying to find the vitality in the moment, she follows her inner self. Black and white represents the obvious contradiction between the world of people whose skin is white and those with black one. White is usually accepted as a symbol of innocence, life, light, purity, or enlightenment, while black is seen as a cold and negative colour suggesting passivity, death, ignorance, or evil. In Beloved one can speak of colour-consciousness presented as a part of a relationship that has affected the lives of many. Baby Suggs, Sethes mother-in-law, says Those white things have taken all I had or dreamed. . . and broke my heartstrings too. There is no bad luck in the world but whitefolks(89). Her words describe the bitterness and destruction crying deep in her heart. Another symbol coming from the red part of the spectrum could be seen over and over again throughout Beloved. Red symbolizes action, courage, vitality. For Amy Denver, the red velvet signifies her ambitions for a calm and peaceful life, while the red heart of Paul D stands for his emotions. Life and death, presence and absence go together in the novel and their influence could be felt at each stage. The red roses which line the road to the carnival herald its arrival in town but also mark the beginning of new life for Sethe, Denver, and Paul D, their expectations. These roses at the same time are to remind the death. Red is all that Morrison need say, for she shows us what it means to know color as a matter of life and death (Morey 1040) There are many different artistic devices used in literature. Toni Morrison has applied a variety of techniques but certainly a strong point in her style in Beloved is the usage of a vast number symbols conveying often mixed messages. 124 when summed up makes seven which symbolises creation and vitality but seen as a sequence is the sign of something lost forever. Sethe is both the name of the child of Adam and Eve, strong in coping with difficulties and the name of the God of chaos and storm, restless in his pursuit of good and bad. Black and white, dark and light, the colours that are commonly associated with the slaves and their enslavers and red the colour of love and yet sometimes smelling of death. The symbolic dimension of Toni Morrisons novel goes together with the development of the narrative and sometimes even takes over. It is a powerful means to present the plurality of races, genders, classes, and ethnicities in America at that time. Karen Bernardo says that just as characterization and dialogue and plot work on the surface to move the story along, symbolism works under the surface to tie the storys external action to the theme(Bernardo 1). That external action in our opinion is often more influential than the surface one as symbols convey deep messages that are transferred sometimes even without the conscious knowledge of the reader. The only requirement is to read with open senses.

Antoinette: Wide Sargasso Sea

AP Literature 10/29/12 Deriving Antoinette’s Insanity In the novel, Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, one of the main characters goes through emotional chaos. That character’s name is Antoinette. She grew up in Jamaica in a rich family. After her brother Pierre died, her mother went crazy. Later on in the book, Antoinette goes crazy as well. Some critics believe that Antoinette’s madness is heredity. I disagree with that critique. The primary source of Antoinette’s madness is from the harsh treatment of her husband, Rochester. There are smaller causes as well, like the night when slaves burned down her family’s house.Antoinette is devastated. The continuous devastation along with cruel treatment from people around her cause her insanity In the beginning of the novel, Antoinette is a solitary young girl. She wanders the island, learning about the world. The fact that she is white creates tension between her and the Jamaican people. Her family also has a lot of money and most people there are poor. Tia becomes her only real friend. She loses that friend mainly because Tia is black and she is white. Jamaican people didn’t like her family. One night the slaves burn down her house, laughing and throwing stones at the family.This shocks Antoinette. She likes the Jamaican people. During the fire she sees Tia and thinks, â€Å"I will live with Tia and be like her. Not to leave Coulibri. Not to go. Not. † Just as she thinks this, Tia throws a stone at her. Emotionally, this is the start of much devastation in her life. Later on in the novel, Antoinette is married to Rochester. At first, they seem happy together. Antoinette shows him the island she grew up on and tells him stories of her childhood. Antoinette feels love again. Little does she know, Rochester feels nothing but lust for her.Rochester leads Antoinette on even more by having sex with her. Antoinette is the happiest she has ever been in her life. Rochester still feels nothing. He thinks, â€Å"As for the happiness I gave her, that was worse than nothing. I did not love her. I was thirsty for her, but that is not love. † He continues to lead her on until one day where he suddenly stops having sex with her. Antoinette goes from an extreme high, to a low point in her life. She has no one. The madness sets in. Rochester receives a letter from a man named Daniel Cosway, who tells him of Antoinette’s family history.He also tells him that he is Antoinette’s half-brother and madness runs in the family. Daniel warns Rochester that Antoinette is crazy as well. Rochester believes him and continues to push Antoinette away. One day Rochester has sex with Amelie, a servant. He doesn’t try to hide it. Antoinette hears and is hurt beyond repair. Because of this, she is more than crazy. Antoinette becomes a love crazy lunatic. She loses another person I her life whom she loved, because of this, She is not repairable. They leave t he island and Rochester locks her up. He doesn’t even try to help her.When a person is repeatedly subjected to this kind of cruel, evil-hearted treatment, the only course for that person is insanity. Heredity is not the source of the insanity though. There is nothing hereditary about what Rochester did to Antoinette. Even if madness didn’t run in the family, Antoinette probably would have the same reaction. It doesn’t help that after the cruel things that Rochester did, she had no way to cope with them. Christophine couldn’t help because Rochester threatened her. Again, there is nothing hereditary about how Rochester acted. Every reason for Antoinette’s madness has nothing to do with heredity, but cruelty.

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas

Do you want to come up with a truly original science fair project that is all your own and not one out of a book or used by another student? Heres advice that may help stimulate your creativity. Find a Topic That Interests You What interests you? Food? Video games? Dogs? Football? The first step is to identify subjects that you like. Ask Questions Original ideas start with questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Which? You can ask questions such as: Does ____ affect ____ ? What is the effect of _____ on _____ ? How much ____ is required to _____ ? To what extent does ____ affect ____ ? Designing an Experiment Can you answer your question by changing only one factor? If not, then it will save you a lot of time and energy to ask a different question. Can you take measurements or do you have a variable you can count such as yes/no or on/off? It is important to be able to take measurable data rather than rely on subjective data. You can measure length or mass, for example, but it is hard to measure human memory or factors such as taste and smell. Try brainstorming ideas. Think of topics that interest you and start asking questions. Write down variables that you know you can measure. Do you have a stopwatch? You could measure time. Do you have a thermometer? You could measure temperature? Cross out any questions that you cant answer. Pick the remaining idea that you like the best or try this exercise with a new subject. It may not be easy at first, but with a little practice, youll be generating lots of original ideas.

Identifying Adjective Clauses Exercise

Instructions for the Exercise in Identifying Adjective Clauses Only some of the sentences below contain adjective clauses  (also called relative clauses). See if you can pick out the adjective clauses, and then compare your responses with the answers below. Identify the Adjective Clauses I bought a car from Merdine, and it turned out to be a lemon.The car that I bought from Merdine turned out to be a lemon.Pandora, who had recently celebrated a birthday, opened the box of gifts.Lila, who has been the fire warden for 30 years, lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats.Lila, who lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats, has been the fire warden for 30 years.People who smoke cigarettes should be considerate of nonsmokers.Jacob, who smokes cigarettes, is considerate of nonsmokers.Mr. Mann has small, dark eyes, which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses.My wedding ring is worth at least ten dollars, and now I have lost it.I have lost my wedding ring, which is worth at least ten dollars. Answers (no adjective clause)that I bought from  Merdinewho had recently celebrated a birthdaywho has been the town fire warden for nearly 30 yearswho lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and catswho smoke cigarettes  which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses(no adjective clause)which is worth at least ten dollars

Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay

Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellisons nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel. With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobdens office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream. For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they have is work hard enough. At this point, the narrator cannot be faulted for such delusions, he is not yet alive, he has not yet recognized his invisibility. This discovery takes twenty years to unfold. When it does, he is underground, immersed†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the negation of the negation should result in an egalitarian society. But Ellisons story debunks this dialectical strategy by suggesting the only thing that would come from a Brotherhood like the one depicted is a negation of the black man. Rather than be lifte d to the privileged position already held by whites, the black identity would be completely usurped. In light of both myths, Horatio Algers capitalist fancies and Marxist-Hegelian relief, the only answer, then, is to remain invisible until a better world is unearthed. This is Ellisons more complex polemic, a by-product of the American theme he revisits so sublimely. Ironically, the narrator is recruited by the Brotherhood only after a fervid display of individualism. He forces his way through a hostile tenement crowd and prevents a white mans shooting with a speech. The throng of fellow invisibles will not budge until an elderly evicted couple is permitted back inside their apartment. His words soften the mob with inspiration. Unlike his well-rehearsed valedictorian speech at the battle royal bloodbath, this one is spontaneous and brave enough to pronounce equality and a method: organization. The royals stagful of Southern elites would have lynched the narrator for such words, as they almost do when he

Dialing Our Death A Critical Response to Stephen King’s Cell Free Essays

While Stephen King’s Cell might be about zombies, the 2006 novel is also a clever commentary on America’s reliance on technology. King’s setup is that, on the afternoon of October 1, a strange â€Å"pulse† is broadcast across American cell phone networks. The pulse, when heard by people on their cells, immediately renders cell-phone users into murderous, zombie-like creatures. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialing Our Death: A Critical Response to Stephen King’s Cell or any similar topic only for you Order Now These people, known as â€Å"Phoners,† are no longer human. The few people unaffected by the pulse, called â€Å"Normies,† attempt to fight back for survival. King hints heavily that our dependence upon technology will be our undoing. The central characters’ struggle to survive runs secondary to King’s technophobic message. The plot is effectively more important than the narrative it supports. Most of the attention is paid to the pulse itself. The rampaging zombies are given a reason to exist: their brains have been literally â€Å"scrambled like a skillet of eggs† (43). Their violent and gory actions are symbolic of what King feels our world is becoming. Even if King’s doesn’t think using cell phones and visiting websites will lead to apocalypse or rampages, perhaps he is (at the very least) suggesting that we are becoming just as mindless. When the pulse strikes, the â€Å"Phoners† were connected via network. Everyone affected has been linked together. The danger, King suggests, is that our shrinking world is not necessarily a good thing. To King, cell phones and the Internet have ceased to be modes of transmitting information. Sharing information is less important than swapping videos and songs with friends now, or having conversations while walking through a park. People look like they are talking to themselves. King feels that technology has left us vulnerable. We might not be vulnerable to a zombie-creating â€Å"pulse,† but we are certainly vulnerable to losing our sense of identity and humanity. We are giving ourselves, little by little, over to technology. In Cell, the mindless â€Å"Phoners† are soon organized into â€Å"Flocks,† which move around in patterns very much like migrating birds. This underscores King’s central fear: the marriage of technology and biology. He seems to be calling for a world that exists offline. In his book The Soft Edge, media philosopher Paul Levinson agrees that the fundamental nature of technology closely recalls mankind. There are legitimate concerns to consider as we move toward an ever-increasing dependence upon the technologies available to us. Levinson states that â€Å"the wisdom of nature is not always good for us, insofar as it accommodates hurricanes, drought, famine, earthquake, and all manner of destructive occurrences† (150). Nature’s tendency toward destruction and collapse, also known as entropy, is mirrored in technology and, very clearly, in Cell. Like nature itself, destruction is part of the nature of technology, King believes. Levinson questions whether technology can have things similar to â€Å"ugly ragweed,† which must be monitored and controlled. He asks â€Å"whether ragweed can be controlled without suppressing the beauty and value that emerges right next to it, untended† (Levinson 151). His vision is aligned with King’s—technology has the capacity to destroy—but he feels that it can be controlled. Technological systems will not revolt against us, as they do in Cell, but they must be actively watched. Cell paints a stark portrait of society on the brink of collapse—one that people have willingly bought into. In King’s mind, we are ushering ourselves to our own demise, if not our loss of humanity. Something as simple and ubiquitous as a cell phone is turned into a tool of terror. With Cell, King makes us question whether we have established systems for ourselves that are not so much helpful as they are corruptive. His novel is a cautionary tale about where we are heading as a civilization. When we next answer the phone, King suggests the fate of our own humanity may be calling. How to cite Dialing Our Death: A Critical Response to Stephen King’s Cell, Papers

Information Security Risks and Concerns

Question: Describe about the Essay for Information Security Risks and Concerns. Answer: Current security risks and concerns considered by NSW government - diagram Figure 1: Threats, Risk Concept Relationship and ISO codes linked to ISMS (Source: created by author) Diagram explanation and identification of low, medium-low, medium and high-risk exposure High-Risk exposure threats contain Earthquake, Flood, Storm, and Fire. This level of risk can wipe out the entire system and the buildings which comprise the server. They are categorized under Natural Disasters and can happen anytime and anywhere (Carrara Guzzetti, 2013). Medium Risk exposure threats include communication failure, errors in programming or software, transmission errors, technical failures, user or operational staff errors, outsourced operations failure, absence or loss of key personnel, rerouting or misrouting of messages, and building the fire. These threats are categorized under accidental threats because they are unpredictable most of the time (Kemppainen et al., 2012). According to Pathak (2016), medium-low exposure threats contain eavesdropping, sabotage, malicious destruction of data and facilities, industrial action, web site intrusion, unauthorized software changes, use of pirated software, denial of service, unauthorized dial-in access, social engineering, fraud and theft, malicious code, masquerade and unauthorized data access. They are categorized into deliberate threats because these types of risks are intentional who wishes to do harm to the system to disrupt the service. Low-risk exposure threats contain electronic interference, power supply failure, power fluctuations, vermin, extremes of humidity and temperature. They are categorized into environmental conditions and are considered low risk because these threats often take some time from hours to years (Ham, Park Jeong, 2015). Comparative analysis of Deliberate and Accidental Threats and justification of ranking in order of priority As stated by Guo (2013), there are quite a few comparisons that can be made between accidental and deliberate threats which happen in practical usage. Following are some comparative threats in order of degree are Use of pirated software which often has backdoors for hackers to manipulate critical system files, but also limits the economic growth of a country and the information sector. The rise of torrent and warez sites gave birth to online piracy and software easily available online often paid versions without any fee (Andrs Goel, 2012). The arrest of the largest torrent website Kickass, led to other web sites crippling or shutting their services. The piracy site allegedly stole over $1 billion in profits from the US (U.S. Authorities Charge Owner of Most-Visited Illegal File-Sharing Website with Copyright Infringement, 2016). Eavesdropping is another such issue and many big giants like Microsoft, Google and Facebook have been blamed for collecting, storing and selling user data. Edward Snowden became the whistleblower when he leaked papers and sensitive data of NSA collection data, snooping networks and internet traffic, voice calls and media over the past few years (Wu, Ma Chan, 2015). Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) can often cause failure of communications services or halting them altogether, which was the case in 2013 when hackers too down NASDAQ for three hours on August 22nd (Kaur, Sachdeva Kumar, 2012). Social Engineering on the system can be misused in rerouting or misrouting of messages, instance of it as the Hidden Lynx Watering Hole on Bit9 case in 2013 (Doherty, 2013). Unauthorized software changes can cause transmission errors and may also result in technical failures. Errors on the part of the user or operational staff can cause theft and fraud (Ramadan, Al-Khedher Al-Kheder, 2012). NSW Government possible challenges for risk/security management To mitigate security threats the government has to identify the problems on whether it should carry out security/risk management internally or external via outsourcing. Challenges that the government may face in risk management sector are Management of Organizational Assets Organizational assets are required in the form skills and resources since security is a problem that is scattered throughout a sector (Karimidizboni, 2013). Coping with Rapid Changes in Technology Keeping up with rapid changes in technology would require using modern operating systems on its servers and desktop computers and has to be actively managed (Christensen, 2013). It becomes complex and dynamically changing environment when it has to be managed actively. Security as an Additional Expense Additional expenditure on security is expensive, and the government does not always want to bear the costs as they reluctantly view security as an investment. This prevents from embracing security as a legitimate long-term plan investment for the strategic plan of the government (Peltier, 2016). Familiarization with Technology Employees have to be trained with updated technologies and simpler technical terms need to be used for them to be familiarized with and will require additional manpower and time (Chaston, 2015). Differences between Risk and Uncertainty in Information System Risk consists of theft, neglect, insecure practices and loss. When someone deliberately attacks a system to collection sensitive data, the person can cause much harm and pose a threat. Everyone breaches out of four breaches occurs due to theft. Primarily the inside employees play a role in this who has a grudge with the organization or criminals, who are looking to steal cash from sensitive electronic powered devices (Parekh, 2016). Neglect occurs when the discarded electronic items are not erased correctly and the data stored can be easily obtained by cheap tools. Same goes when the electronic items are not protected by a secure password (Schell, 2013). Insecure practices include data being shared carelessly over networks which can lead to unauthorized access or exposure. Irresponsible or carelessly handling of data which can misplace or loss of devices is another common way for the loss of media and data (McGregor et al., 2015). Uncertainties in information security present a challenge in itself. It can overload the user with lots of details of a particular product or service and yet may not represent the actual one and is the case of misrepresentation, and many times there is no way to verify. Adapting to newer technologies is not for everyone and people often are wary of the service, failure, and theft. This unfamiliarity brings more hazards to those using it (Luo, Ba Zhang, 2012). To deliver more personalized content and recommendation based on a users habit, cookies" are stored, which itself is sold and commoditized to other third-party services. Not only it can be a risk to privacy, but the personal usage data is often collected, bought and sold often without the user's content (Newman, 2013). Possible approaches of NSW government for risk mitigation and control To approach information system security, the NSW government can take many approaches as follows as per ISO 27001:2013. Governance According to Susanto, Almunawar and Tuan (2012), senior management must aid in support and direction for digital information systems and security in compliance with relevant regulations and laws for business requirements. The governance arrangements included in the ISMS or Information Security Management Systems are a policy for information security, a person handed over the responsibility for online security, and alignment to the management policy and organizations internal risk and audit such as TPP09-05. Controlling access to information system and data classification labeling and handling Access to information systems online must be controlled and monitored having regards to relevant regulations and laws like Health Records and Information Privacy Act 2002, State Records Act 1998, Privacy and Personal Information Protection Act 1998, NSW Classification and Labeling Guidelines, and Government Information (Public Access) Act 2009 (Smith, 2014). Controlling relationships with outside parties The security of digital information systems and information processed, accessed, managed, or communicated to third parties must be monitored. Security regarding software exchanged and digital information with any third-party entity needs to be maintained(NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY, 2016). Training and Awareness Employees who take on the role of information security performance must be aware of the role and keep up-to-date with the changes by keeping their skills through education and training when necessary (Peltier, 2016). Security incident management Relevant authorities must keep contact with the agencies. For digital information security near misses, incidents, events and weakness associated with digital information systems, internal processes must be in place, and therefore, timely corrective action must be taken (Baskerville, Spagnoletti Kim, 2014). References Andrs, A. R., Goel, R. K. (2012). Does software piracy affect economic growth? Evidence across countries.Journal of Policy Modeling,34(2), 284-295. Baskerville, R., Spagnoletti, P., Kim, J. (2014). 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(2016).Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Ramadan, M. N., Al-Khedher, M. A., Al-Kheder, S. A. (2012). Intelligent anti-theft and tracking system for automobiles.International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing,2(1), 83. Schell, R. R. (2013). Computer Security.Air Space Power Journal,27(1), 158. Smith, Z. W. (2014). Privacy and Security post-Snowden: surveillance law and policy in the United States and India.Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev.,9, 137. Susanto, H., Almunawar, M. N., Tuan, Y. C. (2012). A novel method on ISO 27001 reviews: ISMS compliance readiness level measurement.arXiv preprint arXiv:1203.6622. U.S. Authorities Charge Owner of Most-Visited Illegal File-Sharing Website with Copyright Infringement. (2016).Justice.gov. Retrieved 23 August 2016, from https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-authorities-charge-owner-most-visited-illegal-file-sharing-website-copyright-infringement Wu, A., Ma, W. W., Chan, W. W. (2015). Whistleblower or Leaker? Examining the Portrayal and Characterization of Edward Snowden in USA, UK, and HK Posts. InNew Media, Knowledge Practices and Multiliteracies(pp. 53-66). Springer Singapore.